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[Music]

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hi everyone thank you for having me this

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is a very special moment for me because

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I am talking about going to talk about

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hydrothermal dance so being scrapes is a

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very special moment so I'm happy to

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share it with you and also about my PhD

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Journey

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so the link in hydrothermal veins is

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very important between the uh the ocean

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space Sciences since its Discovery in

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the 70s the efforts to study the deep

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ocean and these extreme environments has

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increased a lot in these last years also

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because of all the technology and all

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the improvements that it has been made

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through a study the deep sea and also

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not only it was an outstanding Discovery

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for your physicist geologists also for

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biology and microbiologists that we

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found these extreme ecosystems where we

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are finding these extremophiles that are

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high uh with a high diversity not only

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microbiology but also on microbiology

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and in a bigger scope herothermal veins

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are very important for astrobiology a

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bigger scope is a origin of library is a

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very important thing in our planet and

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also for looking

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um live elsewhere also Hamilton systems

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has been proposed not only a place where

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these structures have uh have created or

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originated the molecules uh for the

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cells but also for probably there there

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are similar structures uh existing in

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the icing wounds so this is one of the

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biggest scope that we are studying

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Hiroshima events but in particular in

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this topic we are exploring what is the

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Gulf of California and Mexico so if

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you're uh will hit the Gulf of

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California we are

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here in Scripps out the north if you

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cross the border here Tijuana and

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Ensenada excellent tacos if you want to

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stay longer you can tell me but for

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studying the Gulf of California uh the

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deep ocean has been studied for over a

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decade and we have well they have found

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uh that there is a series of transform

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false

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um

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and spreading centers which have led to

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the discovery of hydrothermal vent

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systems in particular we have found here

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it is uh impascular Basin at South

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of the peninsula of the Gulf of

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California we have found two

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hydrothermaline systems I'm sorry they

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they moved but here the yellow dot it's

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called Alka and the Red Dot is called

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Alka was discovered in 2015 and jagma

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has were discovering 2018

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these are the hierothermal band fields

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that are at a depth of

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3650 meters that this is the deepest

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known halothermal vein system in the

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Pacific Ocean where it has led us to

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study them as a very extreme ecosystem

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and we have found that the the chemistry

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of these harassment veins are it's very

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unique they are made of calcite and they

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have been some temperature measurements

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of between the 20 degrees to 100 degrees

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Celsius in around the 30 minutes while

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one of the the highest hydrothermal

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veins temperature goes around 300

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degrees so

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uh one of the questions that we have one

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of the big questions that we have for

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studying this hydrothermal vein systems

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is who are the microbes related to the

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hydrothermal fluids in the sediments of

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the Alka and jagma Halo thermal band

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feels because we don't know a lot of

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these heart Hamilton systems so the

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first question was who are them

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um

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so for this

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oceanographic expedition was made in

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2018 about the research vessel Falcor

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and these research vessel has a ROV

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called Sebastian which is a Rover that

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left us submerged and with our robotic

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arm it had it was able to take some

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samples of the sediments so here you can

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see a little insight about how are the

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sediments around these hierothermal

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vents all the things all the white stuff

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that you see around is microbial mat so

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we collected around very

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approach course sediments and all these

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curl samples were section

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um on the ship and it will stop

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something with um

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for taking DNA extraction to do poor

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Water Analysis but in the lab we made

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some iron chromatography DNA

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amplification of 16s some sequencing and

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bioinformatics and of course some

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statistical analysis and so here I'm

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going to present you some of the of the

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results of of this so one of the

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questions we also have in the first

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place is how are Alka and Jack Maja are

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compared how are these aerothermal vein

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systems related because uh our contigma

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are like two kilometers away so we

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wanted to compare how much are they

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similar in terms of the geochemistry and

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all the microbiology that we have been

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found in so we perform this MDS analysis

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so if you see that we have three

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different locations Alka and jagmada are

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the Hamilton films but we also have a

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Dollar location that is called your

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vacuum I'm sorry for the names all the

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names are native words from the region

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so that's how we decided Well scientists

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have decided to to name them uh these

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both are hydrothermal vent systems but

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all the vacuum is a site between them

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but it's a death site so it's not active

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anymore so we use it as an outsider to

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do this uh test so in general terms you

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can see that they are very similar okay

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and here is this is the outsider your

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vacuum that it looks um not that similar

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to them so they are sharing uh a lot of

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of things but where exactly we don't say

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we don't know what if it's radio

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chemistry of this the microbiology so

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um we want to go further in to study the

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microbial composition of both of them

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and compare them and to see if they are

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related or what are the difference

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between them and one of the

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um

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a biggest surprises that we have is that

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the microbes are related to the

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hydrothermal fluids but between Alka and

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jagma the haritha well the microbes are

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different they have we have different a

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film composition

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uh but the only uh film they share is

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Thermo thermosogata so this is a very

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um interesting thing to to explore that

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we are finding different microbial

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communities between those those

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hydrothermal veins but we are they are

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sharing one so this is telling us about

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the thermophilic and hydrothermal fluids

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all the ambiento all the the conditions

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the extreme conditions that are around

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and also they tell us about all the um

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your Chemistry that is happening is

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telling us about all it's very complex I

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think that all the metabolism that is

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going on between these sediments around

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Harold Hamilton events so we are trying

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to explore furthermore about this uh

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group The thermosogoda that they are

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extremophiles they are adopted more than

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50 degrees or 80 degrees Celsius so we

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are trying to to understand if these are

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like the same families that they are

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sharing or not that's one of the next

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steps for this but also the implications

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for astrobiology in term for a

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hypothermal veins is that we are uh ex

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still exploring a lot of findings of

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thermophilic microbial communities in

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this hydrothermal vein systems so try to

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understand the limits of Life on our

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Earth as it is one of the deepest points

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of the Pacific Ocean it is telling us a

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lot of information about that and also

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all another step for the investigation

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that is going on it's applying it to the

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icy moons with habitable habitability

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models where we can try to have these

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ecological

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models and now we have data to try to

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simulate this we have your Chemistry

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data we have microbiology data so we can

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try to approach ecological model to the

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isomers if someone in the isemons one so

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collaborate please let me know

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um uh well the highlights of this

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presentations to take away I want you to

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well to

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uh to show you some of the hydrothermal

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veins how the hydrothermal vent system

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looks like in pascara Basin but this is

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the first uh insight into Jack Maja

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ahara thermal vent feel and its

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microbiology the first time that we have

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seen this our findings provide valuable

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insight into the deep sea biosphere and

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that we are learning that we there are a

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lot of information that still need to be

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processed and to know and to discover

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and we have uh found a diverse range of

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extremophiles in microbial communities

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right now I'm just talking about the

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thermophiles but we have methane

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oxidizers anaerobic micro microbial

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organisms so there are a lot of things

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going not in the in the tab and well

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knowing that the Pescadero Basin is the

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deepest hydrothermal ecosystem in the

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Pacific Ocean well it implies that we

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are still understanding the limits of

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life on Earth ambitions so with this I

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want to thank you please uh if you want

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to know a little more about the Mexican

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astrology Society there is a link and I

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am also from the astrobiology lab at

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unan and we are happy to collaborate

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thank you

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[Music]

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thank you for your talk

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um I was just curious do you find many

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Nano prokaryotes like Nano archaea or

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like candidate Philo radiation bacteria

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and or do just filter them out in your

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analyzes somehow or like are there any

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interesting patterns

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well Ryan well we're finding uh also

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Archaea and bacteria well that's like

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the further that we have like now there

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is a lot still no information to to show

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up but there is there's a lot of things

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going on

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yeah I just remember like looking

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through various papers is there a lot of

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them a lot of those like Nano sized

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plays present in the hydrazone events

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like Nano arcura or yeah like nanarkio

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or yeah

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yes sorry uh just kind of curious I I'm

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um so I'm a physics kind of background

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person of mrsd and

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I was wondering about temperature

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management so like you know above above

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certain temperatures like you're gonna

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get denatured proteins and stuff like

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that and I was wondering if there's

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extremophiles that do like that cool

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themselves somehow or any anything like

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that sorry

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yes uh actually well right now um here

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I'm talking uh again as uh with

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thermophiles but actually here in the

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hierothermal bands well not the

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harothermal bands around thermal veins

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all these sediments there are different

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changes in temperature so right now I am

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talking about the highest ones that we

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have a measure but if you go further the

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hydrothermal bands it drops to 2 degrees

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Centigrades so we are studying well this

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is able to study different microbial

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communities adapted to high temperatures

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but also to call call these places

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any other questions for a minute

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hey really awesome talk this is really

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cool I worked with um hydrophone vents

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as an undergrad so this is like really

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nostalgic for me

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um I'm curious if anyone in your group

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or anyone part of the the cruise is

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doing it and

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Karen Lloyd wouldn't wouldn't like this

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but is doing any culturing

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um from these environments

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yes like specifically I'm thinking it

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high pressure because these are some of

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the like deeper events in the Pacific or

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the deepest vents in the Pacific I think

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you said and so I'm just curious if

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anyone's doing culturing and if they're

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including pressure in that

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yes uh actually one of the uh here in

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one of the collaborations that we have

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is in Caltech in Victoria orphan's lab

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yes uh the group are making some

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cultural experiments with some of the uh

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different uh sediment cores in different

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sites so they are trying to to do that

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and they have also published one paper

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about culture in archaea I think so they

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are they are doing it but of course the

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challenging things about depression so

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they have like this tank to try to

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approach that yes they are trying to do

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cultural techniques for this

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any questions here

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I thank you for the talk

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um

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I have a very trivial question uh we've

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been having issues with sediment samples

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in our lab

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um freaking out how not to contaminate

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them or not being sure if they are

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contaminated then we are taking the

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samples I wonder how you control control

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for that

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yeah that's a good question so when we

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are working on uh on the ship uh back in

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the lab there is a lot of possibilities

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that it got contaminated we will try to

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be as quick as possible and in clean

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spaces but we actually where we are

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working with sediment course

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it's muff so it gets really moved all

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around we try to clean but we just try

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to be as quick as possible one of the

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things that we rely on is a

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bioinformatic analysis so in the

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bioinformatic analysis when we are

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um processing all the 16s data the

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sequences we are filtering them so we

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have like uh we process we have also for

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the 16s sorry or the DNA extractions on

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blanks and some control samples so we

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tried like if there is a sequence uh in

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the blank on the control we delete them

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so we try to filter and to make the the

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cleanest sequence possible as possible

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but yeah of course there is uh some

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contamination and we also like sometimes

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we see like oh that's that's not from

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the deep sea but we try to see the the

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sequences and try to clean them that's

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any last questions

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okay thank you very much thank you

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[Music]